कंप्यूटर पहियों को देखना है तो वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस को देखिए, कैसे हजारों चिप्स मिलकर चला रही हैं स्मार्ट ट्रेन
वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस लगभग 15,000 एकीकृत सर्किट या चिप्स से लैस है, जो इसके लगभग सभी कार्यों को नियंत्रित करती है. यह ट्रेन को आगे बढ़ाने में, ब्रेक लगाने में और इसके ऑटोमेटिक दरवाजों को भी नियंत्रित करती है.
नई दिल्ली: स्वदेश निर्मित वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस 21वीं सदी के लिए भारत के 170 साल पुराने रेलवे सिस्टम को बदल रही है. लेकिन ऐसा करने के लिए यह स्व-चालित सेमी-हाई स्पीड ट्रेन टेक्नोलॉजी पर काफी निर्भर है.
हाल ही में मीडिया के साथ एक बैठक में, केंद्रीय रेल मंत्री अश्विनी वैष्णव ने वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस को ‘कंप्यूटर ऑन व्हील्स’ के रूप में बताया था.
इस ‘स्मार्ट ट्रेन’ में इंटिग्रेटेड सर्किट(आईसी) या चिप्स लैस है जो ट्रेन को आगे बढ़ाने से लेकर ब्रेक लगाने और ऑटोमेटिक डोर तथा इसके सभी कार्यों को लगभग नियंत्रित करती है.
वैष्णव ने कहा था, “वंदे भारत व्यावहारिक रूप से पहियों पर चलने वाला कंप्यूटर है. इसकी वाहन नियंत्रण प्रणाली, पावर इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स, पावरट्रेन, ऊपर के ट्रांसफार्मर से लेकर नीचे की मोटर तक, सब कुछ सॉफ्टवेयर द्वारा नियंत्रित किया जाता है. वंदे भारत ट्रेन में हजारों चिप्स का इस्तेमाल होता है.”
दिप्रिंट ने पता लगाया कि एक सामान्य वंदे भारत ट्रेन में कितने चिप्स का इस्तेमाल होता है और वे क्या काम करते हैं.
रेल मंत्रालय के एक सूत्र के मुताबिक, वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस करीब 15,000 आईसी से लैस है. यह ट्रेन 4 बेसिक यूनिट के साथ 16 कोचों से लैस होता है. प्रत्येक यूनिट में दो मोटर चलित कारें और दो ट्रेलर कार हैं जिन्हें वे खींचते हैं.
एडवांस्ड ट्रेन कंट्रोल मैनेजमेंट
इंटीग्रल कोच फैक्ट्री, चेन्नई के एक वरिष्ठ इंजीनियर ने फोन पर दिप्रिंट बताया कि एक रेगुलर लोकोमोटिव ट्रेन में, जो अन्य डिब्बों को खींचता है, में ट्रैक्शन कन्वर्टर्स, सहायक कनवर्टर और वाहन नियंत्रण इकाई जैसे सभी प्रमुख इलेक्ट्रॉनिक घटक होते हैं और इसमें लगभग 2,000 आईसी होते हैं.
हालांकि, बाकी कोचों में एलईडी और एयर कंडीशनर के अलावा ज्यादा बिजली के पुर्जे नहीं हैं.
दूसरी ओर, वंदे भारत में आठ मोटर कोच हैं, जिसका अर्थ है कि ट्रेन में 50 प्रतिशत कोच स्व-चालित हैं या पारंपरिक लोकोमोटिव ट्रेनों के विपरीत जहां केवल एक कोच अपने आप चलता है.
इंजीनियर कहते हैं, “तो स्वाभाविक रूप से, चिप्स की संख्या कई गुना हो जाती है. वंदे भारत के मोटर कोच में लोकोमोटिव के रूप में कुछ सामान्य कार्य हैं और इसमें एक कर्षण कनवर्टर, सहायक कनवर्टर और एक वाहन नियंत्रण इकाई होगी.”
उन्होंने कहा, “लेकिन, इसके अलावा वंदे भारत में एक हाई टेक ब्रेकिंग सिस्टम, डोर सिस्टम और टीसीएमएस (ट्रेन नियंत्रण प्रबंधन प्रणाली) है. ट्रेन की पूरी कार्यक्षमता टीसीएमएस द्वारा संचालित होती है. यह प्रत्येक कोच में एक कंप्यूटर की तरह है और सभी एक नेटवर्क से जुड़े हुए हैं.”
इसके अलावा, सभी कोचों में एसी नियंत्रण, ऑटोमेटिक डोर, सेंसर, जीपीएस आधारित यात्री सूचना प्रणाली, सीसीटीवी, और इंफोटेनमेंट सिस्टम- ये सभी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक हैं और इसके नियंत्रण के लिए इलेक्ट्रॉनिक चिप्स की आवश्यकता होती है.
टीसीएमएस आधुनिक रेल परिवहन का केंद्र है और ट्रैक्शन (प्रोपल्शन), ब्रेकिंग, हीटिंग, वेंटिलेशन, एयर कंडीशनिंग और यात्री सूचना प्रणाली जैसी कई प्रणालियों को नियंत्रित करने और निगरानी के लिए जिम्मेदार है.
इसके अलावा, यह स्थिति-आधारित और भविष्य के लिए डेटा विश्लेषण में भी मदद करता है. टीसीएमएस उपकरण के प्रदर्शन की निगरानी के लिए सेंसर और डेटा एनालिटिक्स का भी उपयोग करता है, ताकि यह अनुमान लगाया जा सके कि कब रखरखाव की आवश्यकता है. इससे संभावित विफलताओं को पहले पहचानने में मदद मिलती है.
टीसीएमएस के तहत उपयोग किए जाने वाले डेटा एनालिटिक्स और मशीन लर्निंग एल्गोरिदम भी ऊर्जा उपयोग को अनुकूलित करने में मदद करते हैं. उदाहरण के लिए, सिस्टम मार्ग की स्थलाकृति के आधार पर उपयोग को अनुकूलित करके ऊर्जा खपत को कम करने में मदद कर सकता है.
इसके अतिरिक्त, टीसीएमएस वास्तविक समय की निगरानी को भी सक्षम बनाता है और विभिन्न उप प्रणालियों को एक दूसरे के साथ जोड़ता है. उदाहरण के लिए, कर्षण और ब्रेकिंग सिस्टम स्पीड और ब्रेक लगाने के लिए एक दूसरे से जुड़ सकते हैं.
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